Modern World: Things Fall Apart

â€Å" We can't leave the issue in his grasp since he doesn’t not comprehend our traditions, similarly as we don't get his. We state he is absurd since he doesn't have the foggiest idea about our ways, and maybe he says we are silly since we don't have a clue about his. Release him away† (*1). This statement shows the significant topic of the book which is change versus custom. The statement shows the subject consummately; essentially it shows the numbness of the vast majority of the Umuofia family and their dread of the white people groups culture assuming control over theirs. They are managing the topic of whether change ought to be advantaged over tradition.The individuals of Umuofia need a little change and yet they have dread of totally losing their lifestyle, the individuals are partitioned regarding the current matter at what the good and bad activity is, and what amount is to much change. At the point when the primary white men was seen there was debate as of no w. The man was seen in Abame, the seniors quickly went to see their prophet out of dread. The prophet told the older folks that â€Å" the odd man would break their family and spread annihilation among them† (*2). So the individuals executed the white men quickly out of fear.Then half a month later out of vengeance three white men went to the Abame market and shot everybody aside from the individuals that weren't there. The Abame individuals were absurd they ought to have known â€Å" Never execute a man who says nothing† ( * 3). Yet, paying little mind to why the shooting occurred at the Abame showcase the tattle had begun and the dread had set in for the white men. After the Abame episode, other white individuals started to appear. The white ministers went to Umuofia and had started constructing places of worship there and started getting converts.Not everybody was enamored with the new religion however, yet the pioneers of the group were not scarred in light of the fact that they accepted that the abnormal confidence would not last. Evangelists additionally showed up in the town of Mbanta. The evangelists started educating the individuals of the towns regarding the new religion â€Å" We have been sent by this incredible God to request that you leave your insidious behavior and bogus divine beings and go to Him with the goal that you might be spared when you die† (*4). The evangelists began to have the individuals of the towns question their religion and culture, and to make them believe am I simply adoring bogus lords of wood and stone?Is all the ceremonies and murdering and decimating blameless kids in reality right? Numerous inquiries started to mix. One individual specifically who was enraptured by the new religion was Nwoye, Okonkwo’s child. Nwoye got one of the main proselytes, but since of this change with his life that implied that he was no longer piece of Okonkwo’s life or ever be viewed as his child. Despite the fact that this hurt Nwoye, he felt an alleviation in his life, so he imagined that he could discover others inside his new religion that would cherish him all the more then his dad ever had.As the evangelists continued getting the message out of their new religion and changing people groups life’s, they chose to request some land to manufacture their congregation. So the family chose to give them as much land some place as they needed. The teachers were glad that they were getting the land, yet what they didn’t know was the land they were getting was known as the â€Å"evil forest† in light of the fact that it was buzzing with vile powers and was malicious. The â€Å" detestable forest† was the place the family had covered everybody that kicked the bucket from insidious diseases.There was a supposed revile that was determined to the timberland, so the individuals of Mbanta anticipated that the preachers should all be dead inside four days. Not knowing ab out the revile the teachers started promptly getting out the woodland and building their congregation, and as every day passed by and nobody was biting the dust the individuals of Mbanta were examined regarding why the revile wasn't dealing with the white men. The congregation in Mbanta continued getting more grounded and more grounded as every day passed and was getting more believers. Okonkwo stayed maddened at the new changes in Mbanto, â€Å" until the accursed pack was driven out of the town with whips there would be no peace† (*5).Although some wouldn't fret the progressions â€Å" It isn't our custom to battle for our divine beings, let us not attempt to do so now† (*6). In spite of the fact that everybody had their own assessments of the current issue, the gathering out of dread chose to bar the christians from the benefits and life of the family. Despite the fact that the new confidence had just a couple of changes over from the start, the christians immediate ly developed and had turned into a little network and they were not going to be handily closed down. After the seven years of Okonkwo living in Mbanta, he was at long last ready to return to Umuofia in the wake of being exiled.Although things had been changing in Mbanta, Okonkwo was ignorant that Umuofia had additionally been evolving. He despite everything expected to simply return and have everything despite everything be the equivalent, despite the fact that that was the inverse. The new church was by all account not the only thing that had changed since he was gone in Umuofia; the white men likewise carried another legislature to the town. The men of intensity were not, at this point the high named men, boss clerics, and the older folks, the men of intensity were currently the District of Commissioner, and the court messengers.The District Commissioner had become the leader of the legislature in Umuofia who passed judgment on cases obliviously, at that point there were the court delivery people who protected the new jail, which was loaded up with residents who might not tune in to the white man’s laws. Okonkwo was extremely befuddled about what has befallen the town he once had some control over. â€Å" What is it that has happened to our kin? Why have they lost the ability to battle (*7)? † Okonkwo was so surprised about how his once completely conventional south african town had changed into a legislature controlled christian village.So numerous things were changing, not exclusively did the white men bring another religion, and another administration, yet they likewise carried exchanging to the town, which helped the town have all the more a cash stream and schools were starting to be constructed. The family had gotten scarcely conspicuous to Okonkwo any longer, it was self-destructing in his eyes. The town had not just started to self-destruct in Okonkwo’s eyes yet in others soon to follow as well. On the yearly love of the earth go ddess day, one of the egwugwu’s covers were unintentionally removed by Enoch, which was probably the best wrongdoing a man could commit.Enoch demonstrated everybody that that the egwugwu’s were just men mimicking spirits, in this way Enoch had essentially killed a hereditary soul. From Enoch doing that he helped the preachers distort the Umuofia's religion and show that it was all notion, however he additionally re-started the contention between the christian church and the family. That was the final irritation that will be tolerated for the tribe with managing the christians, â€Å" Tell him to return to his home and leave us alone†¦ But this hallowed place which he manufactured must be demolished. We will no longer permit it in our midst† (*8).The family came in consent to torches the congregation; which makes Okonkwo exceptionally cheerful for once. The men in Umuofia at long last started to reclaim the town that was previously theirs, so the following b arely any days the men were equipped and remained mindful. As the men were happy to the point bursting figuring things may wind up returning to the customary ways, they neglected to recall that their was as yet a legislature. The locale chief was at a visit when the tribe chose to torch the congregation and not adhere to the laws. Be that as it may, when the District Commissioner came over from his visit, Mr.Smith, who was the head preacher ,promptly got the Commissioner up on what had occurred while he was away. Subsequent to discovering what had happened the Commissioner got his detachment to gather together the pioneers of Umuofia for a gathering. At the point when each of the six chiefs, including Okonkwo, got together at the magistrates central command they were asked what had occurred, before they even got an opportunity to clarify what had happened then they were promptly captured. â€Å" I have brought you here on the grounds that you combined to attack others, to consume p eople’s houses and their place of worship† (*8).The six pioneers were fined with 200 sacks of cowries and were condemned to jail and would not be discharged until they paid the fine, and in the event that they decide not to they would be taken to Umuru to be hung. Fortunately every last one of the pioneers paid the fine, and were liberated. Okonkwo was so extraordinary incensed when he was let out of the jail. Soon thereafter when he returned to his hovel he could grain even rest. Everything he could consider was vengeance, and how regardless of what he was not going to retreat from his plan.The next morning he went to the gathering place, which was the commercial center where he was going to meet Obierika. â€Å" All our divine beings are sobbing. Idemili is sobbing, Ogwugwu is sobbing, Agbala is sobbing, and all the others. Our dead dads are sobbing a direct result of the disgraceful heresy they are enduring and the cursed thing we have all observed with our eyesâ₠¬  (*9). Okonkwo concluded that enough was sufficient he was not going to hold on and watch his family self-destruct any more. â€Å" We should uncover this malevolence. What's more, if our siblings take the side of fiendishness we should uncover them too.And we should do it now. We should parcel this water since it is just lower leg deep†¦ † (*10). What's more, that is actually what Okonkwo did. He remained by his promise, and he did what he felt was correct. He shot and murdered an errand person at the commercial center, where each individual saw with their own eyes. Not long after this the District Commissioner showed up at Okonkwo’s compound to recover him to be murdered in view of the transgression he had quite recently dedicated, however the chief alongside a couple of others had acknowledged he was to late the deed had been now done.Okonkwo was discovered balancing dead on a tree behind his compound; he ended it all. When Okonkwo was discovered dead Obieri ka went to the Dis

Social Identity in the Breakfast Club :: Movie Film Breakfast Club Identities Essays

Social Identity in the Breakfast Club Breakfast Club film contained a wide assortment of conduct and generalizations. Every individual had their on character and taste toward the start of the film. I accept that correspondence had the greatest influence in the film. It shows the way that individuals from very surprising foundations can impart and even concur on issues. The different sorts of correspondence and practices inside the film will be examined. Key terms will be called attention to and featured, just as depicted corresponding to the models removed from the film. Regardless the film began with a correspondence atmosphere that was both tense and without verbal correspondence. This was for the most part because of the difference in enrollment builds of the characters in question. The character's incorporated the mind Brian, Andrew the competitor, the criminal Bender, the princess Claire, and the lunatic Allison. There was a lot of fascinating nonverbal correspondence occurring between these individuals. Their responses and reactions to one another exhibited perceptual blunders, which would be appeared as the story advanced. The sex struggle styles additionally assumed a job. The young ladies both would in general tune in, as opposed to hold the consideration of the others. This was particularly obvious for Allison's situation, whom never talked. Allison was presented in the film as the psychopath. Allison indicated that she was clearly shaky, seating herself confronting endlessly from the remainder of the room (evasion). She would not stand up. She was non-confident, when asked what she needed she would not react (impenetrable reaction). She would just sit and grin to herself. You could classify her in to the detached forceful name impeccably. She didn't such as herself (low confidence), or others. She was both purposeless and powerless. The main way she showed her resentment was by giving a whine. She clearly had a great deal of repressed inclination, for she uncovers much later in the film through self-exposure. Allison clearly came up short on the regard of others, for she had no companions at all before her time spent in this confinement. She likewise has apprehensive ticks, such biting her nails, and played with her hair. Brian was another instance of frailty. The impact of self-idea was solid with Brian Johnson for he had no feeling of self. He was unable to satisfy the guidelines of his ideal self and was along these lines discontent with himself as an individual.

Applied Game Theory For Your Day-To-Day Business Operations

Applied Game Theory For Your Day-To-Day Business Operations Game theory has been one of those disciplines that have reached phenomenal status because it has introduced concepts and methodologies that are deemed by many to be “game-changers” (no pun intended). It first came about in the 1900s, and has been expounded on and progressed since then. However, there are still some questions and doubts on its applicability, especially in the real world and in real-life situations, particularly in daily business operations. © Shutterstock.com | ImageFlowIn this article, we will start with the general definition of 1) the game theory, and continue then with 2) the game theory in day-to-day business.THE GAME THEORYBut first, let us discuss what Game Theory is all about. It is essentially a discipline or a method of strategic thinking where the players will have to make decisions by looking from different perspectives, basically putting themselves in the shoes of the other players and anticipating their possible actions and reactions. The results of playing out these scenarios will be used to make decisions or choices.When used in the context of business, Game Theory is most often used by business managers to figure out what their collaborators and competitors are thinking or planning. It has become a very powerful tool for predicting the outcomes or results of interactions or transactions among a group of players or competitors, where the action of one will have direct effects or impact on the others, an d the others will react according to those actions.What are the elements that compose Game Theory? There are three basic components at play here:A set of players who are involved. In business, these often pertain to individual business managers and firms or companies.A set of strategies which are available for use by the players at specific points during the game. This also encompasses the rules of the game, which are set in order to specify the sequence of all possible moves and actions. The information that are instrumental in strategizing are also covered here.The outcomes for each possible set of strategies or actions, and the expected payoffs based on these outcomes. These payoffs are assumed to be known by all the parties or participating players.Strategizing through the use of Game Theory requires several assumptions to be made. These assumptions are not fool-proof, however, since there are many arguments that could be made against them.Assumption #1: All the players act and think rationally, making choices and performing actions that are in their self-interest. The weakness of this assumption lies on the fact that human nature does not often permit rational thinking, and humans tend to make decisions for reasons other than their own interests.Assumption #2: All the players act strategically, while taking into consideration the responses of their competitors to their actions. This is also not always the case, because there are other drivers to players’ decisions, not necessarily the actions of others. In fact, many business managers even do not make decisions within the strategic context.Assumption #3: The effectiveness of Game Theory is fully realized when all the players are fully aware of, and understand clearly, the payoffs â€" both the negative and positive ones â€" of their choices or actions. It is a fact that most players make decisions even without having all the information. Many even do not care to know the full story behind some actions or responses before deciding on a specific course of action themselves.Game Theory can also be performed in two ways: simultaneous games, where the players make their moves or actions at the same time, without waiting for information on what the other players have chosen or acted upon, and sequential games, where the moves of the players will depend on, and in response to, the previous action or choice of another player.THE GAME THEORY IN DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESSAnyone that plays a key role in high-level and strategic decision-making in an organization should definitely consider learning about, and applying, the Game Theory. They include, but are not limited to, executives, directors, and senior managers.The applicability of Game Theory may be in question by some pundits, but there is no denying the fact that even large and established businesses have openly discussed using Game Theory for their key strategic business decisions.The most common situations where Game Theory becomes most usef ul include:It is especially useful when it comes to analyzing first price sealed bid auctions. A first-price sealed bid auction is a type of auction where the bidders submit their bids â€" sealed and secured â€" and the highest bidder wins. What is analyzed are the behaviors of the bidders, and the factors that come into play when they make the decisions while preparing their bids. In this case, the bids are independent of each other, and are made by the bidders simultaneously.Bargaining activities. Game theory also comes into play when bargaining takes place between or among parties. Examples include negotiations between management and the workers’ union, as well as revenue-sharing negotiations.Product decisions. This is the quintessential area where businesses can “play games” or play out scenarios using the Game Theory. It is actually most frequently used by businesses in making decisions on whether to enter a market or to exit it. Businesses deciding whether to introduce a new product or not may also use a Game Theory.Transactions between Principal and Agent. Principal-Agent decisions can also apply the Game Theory when tackling compensation negotiations as well as incentives to suppliers and business partners.Supply Chain decisions. A huge bulk of the decisions made by businesses involves the supply chain, and some of the more common decisions made involve capacity management, make or buy, and build or outsource.Importance of Applying Game Theory in BusinessMaking business decisions is a daily event for managers. They are always faced with decisions on what to produce, what to procure, and what to sell, followed by decisions on how much they should spend in producing or in procuring, and what price they should set when they sell. There are so many tools used to come up with decisions, and one of these tools is Game Theory.We can enumerate several reasons why business managers should consider using the Game Theory in its business operations.To reduce business risk. Simulations have been employed by business managers in their risk analysis methodologies. Applying game models is effective in determining equilibrium within the market. Risk analysis makes use of Game Theory in determining optimal price strategy, expected market shares, expected income and number of customers, while obtaining information about the company, the market, the competitors, and the technologies in use, among others.To obtain insights regarding the competition and the overall competitive landscape of the business and the industry. One of the best ways to be competitive is to know your competition. Using Game Theory is very effective in getting information on the various factors related to the competitiveness of the business. The core addresses the question “what are my rivals or opponents thinking?” They want to know what their competition’s next move is â€" their motivations, their strategies, their strengths and their weaknesses, and use all these information to change the game and increase the value of their own business proposition.To improve internal decision-making processes. By playing out business scenarios, companies become more confident in their decisions, and management is more inclined to have greater involvement in the internal decision-making processes.Business managers must beware, however, of how they use Game Theory. It is not a management tool that they can use as a substitute for experience in business. It is merely a tool, or a guide, for them to go about their tasks or roles as business managers.Game Theory applied in Pricing DecisionsThe pricing decisions of a company can be highly influenced by the pricing choices or decisions of rival companies. One popular example was the price-chopping decisions initiated by Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) on their desktop and mobile processors.Intel and AMD are considered to be competitors in a highly specialized niche, and both are in a tight race to gain a l arger share of the market. The first move was taken by Intel, who initiated a price slash on its desktop and mobile processors. AMD reacted by implementing a similar price cut, even if it meant potential losses or decrease in revenues.This price war resulted to both companies seeing significant increases in unit sales and shipments of their products â€" a sign of an increase in their market potential. However, their revenues saw a drop, and so did the profits.The concept of ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’ is apparent in this example. Prisoner’s dilemma is best represented by a situation where two criminals, who are accomplices, are interrogated in two separate rooms. The interrogators are not in possession of sufficient evidence or information to make a conviction, so they have to find a way to facilitate a confession. They present each of the suspects with two choices: either defect, or confess to the crime and get a lighter punishment or jail sentence, or they could cooperate, or ref use to say anything, and suffer the punishment due them.The interrogators make it a point to inform both suspects that the other is fully aware of the deal and its connotations. Thus, each of them will make a decision without knowing what the other’s actions will be.If the two suspects decide to defect and make a confession, they will both get the full brunt of the punishment and be sentenced the standard jailtime. If, however, one suspect confesses and the other stays quiet, it is the latter who will get the jail sentence â€" often even longer â€" while the one who confessed gets off with a lighter sentence, or even walks away scot-free.In the AMD and Intel example, AMD reacted with a price slash of its own after Intel made the move first. But what followed was a series of price cuts that could only be described as a “repetition of interactions”. Both companies are aware of each other as long-time competitors, and that they will be playing the same game for a long time to com e. Thus, they have the choice on whether to cooperate with each other and kept their prices higher, or they could engage in mutual price-chopping actions.Game Theory applied in Supply Chain Design DecisionsMany assume that Game Theory applies only to getting the pulse of competitors. However, it can also apply to the relationship of companies with their supply chain partners. Supply chain management can be facilitated by Game Theory concepts.The game can be played in one of two ways. A non-cooperative game is where the players are unable to make binding commitments before making a choice or deciding what strategy to implement. On the other hand, making such commitments is possible in a cooperative game, which means that players can form coalitions and make side-payments.Let us say, for example, that there is only one wholesaler of Product A. All retailers will source their inventory from this single supplier. If there is more than one supplier, however, it becomes a different ball g ame altogether. There are now two suppliers competing for product availability. If the first supplier has unavailable stocks, or are unsatisfactory, the retailers can turn to the other supplier. The payoffs enjoyed by the two players will differ, dependent on several factors such as demand, price and customer satisfaction.Taking into account the Game Theory assumption that all players are acting on their self-interests, it is important to note that their individual choices, when taken as a whole, do not always mean that the supply chain is optimized, or that it is able to enjoy an optimal payoff. Consider the fact that there are multiple players, or companies; this means that the supply chain is decentralized. If you compare it to a centralized chain, with only one or two suppliers, there is a significant difference between the profits. Obviously, the profits in the decentralized supply chain will be lower than that of the centralized chain.Game Theory in Managing Shareholder ValueA performing company is able to provide value to its stakeholders and shareholders. In order for the company to perform well, top management â€" all the way down to the rank-and-file â€" are expected to pull their weight. It is a collective effort, as all are working for everybody, instead of one group focusing on its own compensation without care for the others.Game Theory has been applied in efforts to create compensation schemes that effectively align the interests of all stakeholders of the company: the managers and the workers (the agents), and the shareholders (the principals).It is a given that the shareholders do not have direct control over the actions of the managers and the workers of the company. They also cannot directly monitor them. That does not mean, however, that they are entirely helpless. By offering incentives, they can have a say â€" albeit indirectly â€" on how the managers and the workers should act. These are commonly seen in the relationships between real es tate agents and prospective property and home buyers, and that of franchisees and franchisors.Through Game Theory, we are able to get more than a glimpse of the interactions of agents and use the information obtained in making strategic decisions.Game Theory in Making Entry and Exit DecisionsEntrants to new markets are faced with many questions and dilemmas. This is a decision so huge that a significant amount of research, information-gathering and analysis is required.Say, for instance, that Company B is looking to enter a new market in a South American country. Currently, there is one similar firm â€" Company A â€" operating in that market. Company B’s decision-making process would consider the following:Will Company B make a profit once it enters the market? How will Company A react to the entry, and will the reaction affect the potential profitability?How much investment will entering the market require from Company A? Will Company B’s reaction affect the investment costs?Co mpany B will have to consider all the possible reactions of Company A. Company A can choose to welcome Company B, letting it get a share of the market it used to solely own. Or Company A can choose to start a price war with Company B, cutting its prices in order to maintain its stake on the market.Through Game Theory, Company A can decide whether it would be accommodating to Company B, or if it would be aggressive. Drawing a game tree using the information available in order to see what strategy would be most beneficial or have the bigger payoff.Granted, Game Theory might not be the best or most recommended analysis tool out there for businesses, but no one can deny its usefulness when it comes to day-to-day business operations. Business operations revolve around strategies and interactions â€" essentially a “game” â€" and this discipline tackles a game that involves a strategic interaction between players, with outcomes and payoffs waiting at the end.